Over the last five years, retail egg prices in the United States have been remarkably volatile. Unlike the recent oil price surge, which can be traced directly to the decision to randomly launch a $124,500,000,000 war in the Middle East, egg prices are rarely the result of any one individual’s actions. Instead, they reflect a complex interplay of supply, demand, and the biological realities of egg production.
The primary driver of recent price spikes has been highly pathogenic avian influenza (the dreaded “bird flu”). Major outbreaks in 2022 and again in 2024 led to the loss of millions of laying hens, sharply reducing the nation’s egg supply and sending prices soaring. In response to these shortages, egg producers begin raising replacement flocks. However, chickens don’t start laying overnight. New flocks typically take around nine months from hatch to reach peak egg production. By the time those hens are producing, bird flu outbreaks have often subsided and the original shortage has eased. At the same time, consumers who cut back on egg purchases during periods of exceptionally high prices may have shifted some of their buying habits. The combination of recovering production and softer demand can create a temporary surplus of eggs, causing prices to fall. As prices decline, demand gradually rebounds, excess supply is absorbed, and the market moves back toward equilibrium. While many factors can subtly influence egg prices, the dramatic swings of the past several years can largely be explained by the classic economics of supply and demand.
And maybe a little bit of blatant corruption.
Now, let’s take a look at the previous graph again, but this time adding Snowy Brook Farm’s egg prices to the plot.
Two obvious differences should jump out between Snowy Brook Farm eggs and generic retail eggs. The first and most obvious difference is that our farm egg prices are waaaaay too expensive. We’ll get to that in a moment. But the other, more subtle difference is that Snowy Brook Farm’s egg prices are stable over time, increasing at the generic rate of inflation. This is because, while retail eggs are all in a market competing with each other, Snowy Brook Farm is largely competing against itself. You’re not buying our eggs because they’re cheaper than the competition, but rather because our buttnuggets come from happy chickens such as the one in this picture.
Your patronage to support happy chickens frees us from worrying about market supply and demand economics, and we thank you for that. Because of this, the sole driver of our egg prices is the cost of producing the egg itself. So for the sake of transparency, this post is dedicated to answer the question: “What goes into the cost of producing an egg at Snowy Brook Farm?“
Above is the annual breakdown to manage 250 laying hens at Snowy Brook Farm. It’s quite thorough, perhaps unnecessarily so, as 3/4ths of the costs can be traced to one category: Food! Yes, in order to make food, chickens must first eat food! Science has yet to figure out a solution to this conundrum. Because of this, our egg prices are tied almost entirely to the price of feed. As feed prices increase — perhaps due to an unnecessary trade war with our largest grain partner, or increases to the cost of diesel due to a $124,500,000,000 skirmish to reopen a fuel supply route that was already open — our egg prices have to increase to match the increased feed costs.
So we’ve got our input costs for 250 laying hens. The next question is “How many eggs do 250 chickens produce per year”? A pure-production breed can produce an average of 320 eggs per year. That’s basically an egg 6 out of every 7 days, with no Christmas vacation! Ouch. At Snowy Brook Farm, we respect a healthy work/life balance for our poultry. Our colorful egg assortment comes from a cast of creatures that may not be the most efficient at their job, but put a whole lotta love into each egg they produce. As such, the average chicken here produces only 192 eggs per year. So using that number:
250 laying hens x 192 eggs per year = 48,000 eggs/yr
That’s the target egg count. Now let’s add in some caveats that could reduce the egg count:
- Chickens like to find unique ways to die. While we may start with 250 laying hens, you should assume 15% will die.
- Chickens like to destroy their eggs. Sometimes there’s a dot on them that they must impulsively peck at. Other times their eggs get crushed under the weight of 5 chickens fighting for their favorite nest box. Assume a 10% loss rate.
- Even when successfully collected, eggs can be brittle. They can contain floating dots in them. Only eggs that pass quality control make it to our cartons. Remove another 5%
48,000*.85*.90*.95=29,500 quality eggs/year or 2,460 dozens of eggs/year
At an average price of $5/dozen, this comes out to a maximum possible revenue of 2,460 dozens *$5/dozen = $12,300/year of revenue. Deploy the moneytub!
Around roughly the third take of this shot, the CEO has informed me that revenue ≠ profit and that I need to subtract off the input costs. So let’s do that I suppose…
$12,300 revenue/yr – $10,300 expenses/yr = $2,000 profit/yr
Okay, it’s $2,000. Not incredible, but that’s nothing to sneeze at either. That’s like a solid month premium of an unsubsidized US healthcare family plan! Since I intend to quit my day job to become a full-time egg producer, let’s calculate my hourly pay.
To do that, we’re going to need the time it takes to care for 250 chickens, and to grab, wash, quality control, and pack 131 eggs every day.
- Chicken care: 90 minutes per day
- Egg washing: 25 minutes per day
- Quality control (candling + packing): 45 minutes per day
90+25+45 = 160 minutes/day = 58,400 minutes/year = 970 hours/year
So at $2,000 profit/year working 970 hours/year, that equates to
$2000/970 = $2.06 per hour of labor, or about $1.50/hr after subtracting taxpayer expenses to bomb bridges and power plants. That may not sound like a lot of money, but it’s enough to cover streaming services while I spend 13 hours a month washing eggs!
So what’s the takeaway message here? “Oh, woe is Zach, farmhand to the CEO?” Not quite. Zach has the greatest sidegig in the world, working with chickens and ducks to produce a product that makes other people happy, and he wouldn’t trade it for ten times the profit margins. Instead, I’d like to refocus your attention back to this familiar plot and its solid green line:
You can see that there was a brief and unusual period in 2025 when eggs from Snowy Brook Farm were actually less expensive than retail eggs. It was a strange moment, and eggs at our farmstand were flying off the shelves. However, as retail egg prices returned to normal in 2026, traffic at the farmstand slowed considerably as many customers understandably went back to buying eggs at Walmart. There’s nothing wrong with looking for the best deal, especially when many households are feeling the pressure of a tight budget. That said, it’s important to recognize that small farms operate under a very different set of economics. Our input costs don’t fall simply because wholesale egg prices do. Whether grocery store eggs cost $5 a dozen or $0.50 a dozen, the costs of raising healthy, well-cared-for hens remain relatively constant.
For hobby farms like Snowy Brook Farm to effectively serve their communities, we rely on the support of our neighbors through both the high-price years and the low-price years. So if you’re in a position where buying local fits your budget, and you enjoy fresh eggs or other farm products, know that your purchase means far more than a single sale. It helps ensure that small local farms will still be here the next time you stop by, and we’re always grateful for your support 🙂










































